Setting Up Git

Last updated on 2024-03-12 | Edit this page

Overview

Questions

  • How do I get set up to use Git?
  • How do I configure my local machine with git?

Objectives

  • Create a GitHub account
  • Configure git the first time it is used on a computer.
  • Understand the meaning of the --global configuration flag.

GitHub signup

Create account

If you have not already create a github account at https://github.com/signup

Local configuration

đź”— Offical GitHub documentation - setting your username

When we use Git on a new computer for the first time, we need to configure a few things. Below are a few examples of configurations we will set as we get started with Git:

  • our name and email address,
  • what our preferred text editor is,
  • and that we want to use these settings globally (i.e. for every project).

On a command line, Git commands are written as git verb options, where verb is what we actually want to do and options is additional optional information which may be needed for the verb. So here is how Dracula sets up his new laptop:

Open terminal (MacOS) or Git Bash (WindowsOS) and configure your git workspace:

BASH 

git config --global user.name "Vlad Dracula"
git config --global user.email "vlad@tran.sylvan.ia"

Please use your own name and email address instead of Dracula’s. This user name and email will be associated with your subsequent Git activity, which means that any changes pushed to GitHub, BitBucket, GitLab or another Git host server after this lesson will include this information.

For this lesson, we will be interacting with GitHub and so the email address used should be the same as the one used when setting up your GitHub account. If you are concerned about privacy, please review GitHub’s instructions for keeping your email address private.

Keeping your email private

If you elect to use a private email address with GitHub, then use that same email address for the user.email value, e.g. username@users.noreply.github.com replacing username with your GitHub one.

Line Endings

As with other keys, when you hit Enter or ↵ (WindowsOS) or Return (MacOS) on your keyboard, your computer encodes this input as a character. Different operating systems use different character(s) to represent the end of a line - you may also hear these referred to as newlines or line breaks. Because Git uses these characters to compare files, it may cause unexpected issues when editing a file on different machines. Though it is beyond the scope of this lesson, you can read more about this issue in the Pro Git book.

You can change the way Git recognizes and encodes line endings using the core.autocrlf command to git config. The following settings are recommended:

BASH 

git config --global core.autocrlf true

BASH 

git config --global core.autocrlf input

Text editors

For today we will all use the same editor (nano), so enter the following into the command line:

BASH 

git config --global core.editor "nano -w"

If you want to change the default editor after today’s session, the table below will help.

Editor Configuration command
Atom git config --global core.editor "atom --wait"
nano git config --global core.editor "nano -w"
BBEdit (Mac, with command line tools) git config --global core.editor "bbedit -w"
Sublime Text (Mac) git config --global core.editor "/Applications/Sublime\ Text.app/Contents/SharedSupport/bin/subl -n -w"
Sublime Text (Win, 32-bit install) git config --global core.editor "'c:/program files (x86)/sublime text 3/sublime_text.exe' -w"
Sublime Text (Win, 64-bit install) git config --global core.editor "'c:/program files/sublime text 3/sublime_text.exe' -w"
Notepad (Win) git config --global core.editor "c:/Windows/System32/notepad.exe"
Notepad++ (Win, 32-bit install) git config --global core.editor "'c:/program files (x86)/Notepad++/notepad++.exe' -multiInst -notabbar -nosession -noPlugin"
Notepad++ (Win, 64-bit install) git config --global core.editor "'c:/program files/Notepad++/notepad++.exe' -multiInst -notabbar -nosession -noPlugin"
Kate (Linux) git config --global core.editor "kate"
Gedit (Linux) git config --global core.editor "gedit --wait --new-window"
Scratch (Linux) git config --global core.editor "scratch-text-editor"
Emacs git config --global core.editor "emacs"
Vim git config --global core.editor "vim"
VS Code git config --global core.editor "code --wait"

It is possible to reconfigure the text editor for Git whenever you want to change it.

Exiting text editors

Note that Vim is the default editor for many programs. If you haven’t used Vim before and wish to exit a session without saving your changes, press Esc then type :q! and hit Return. If you want to save your changes and quit, press Esc then type :wq and hit Return.

In this lesson we instruct you to use nano. To exit nano editor press Control + X, it will prompt you to save changes press Y and Return.

Default branch

Git (2.28+) allows configuration of the name of the branch created when you initialize any new repository. Dracula decides to use that feature to set it to main so it matches the cloud service he will eventually use.

BASH 

git config --global init.defaultBranch main

Callout

Source file changes are associated with a “branch.” For new learners in this lesson, it’s enough to know that branches exist, and this lesson uses one branch. By default, Git will create a branch called master when you create a new repository with git init (as explained in the next Episode). This term evokes the racist practice of human slavery and the software development community has moved to adopt more inclusive language.

In 2020, most Git code hosting services transitioned to using main as the default branch. As an example, any new repository that is opened in GitHub and GitLab default to main. However, Git has not yet made the same change. As a result, local repositories must be manually configured have the same main branch name as most cloud services.

For versions of Git prior to 2.28, the change can be made on an individual repository level. The command for this is in the next episode. Note that if this value is unset in your local Git configuration, the init.defaultBranch value defaults to master.

The five commands we just ran above only need to be run once: the flag --global tells Git to use the settings for every project, in your user account, on this computer.

You can check your settings at any time:

BASH 

$ git config --list

You can change your configuration as many times as you want: use the same commands to choose another editor or update your email address.

Git Help and Manual

Always remember that if you forget the subcommands or options of a git command, you can access the relevant list of options typing git <command> -h or access the corresponding Git manual by typing git <command> --help, e.g.:

BASH 

git config -h
git config --help

While viewing the manual, remember the : is a prompt waiting for commands and you can press Q to exit the manual.

More generally, you can get the list of available git commands and further resources of the Git manual typing:

BASH 

git help

One-off configuration

You only need to perform this step once per device.

Key Points

  • Git and GitHub are not the same thing. Git is an open source version control tool, GitHub is a company that hosts Git repositories in the web and provides a web interface to interact with repos they host.
  • Use git config with the --global option to configure a user name, email address, editor, and other preferences once per machine.
  • Get help with git help